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Immaterial labor is an academic term used to describe the affective and cognitive commodities produced by work that exist outside the traditional wage-based consideration of labor as a material-commodity-producing activity, as well as the activity of producing this new form of commodity. Studies of immaterial labor have included analysis of commodities produced by work amidst the internet, although immaterial labor is understood as a concept pre-dating digital technologies, specifically in the performance of gender and domestic roles, and other aspects of affective and cognitive work.〔Terranova, Tiziana. (“Free Labor: Producing Culture for the Digital Economy.” ) Electronic Book Review. June 20, 2003.〕 Themes commonly associated with immaterial labor in the context of the internet include: digital labor, commons-based peer production, and user-generated content production, which might include open source, free software, crowdsourcing, and flexible licensing agreements, as well as the collapse or copyright amidst the ambiguities of sharing creative works in the digital age, digital care work, and other conditions produced by participation in social environments within the digital, knowledge economy.〔〔Bogost, Ian. (“Hyperemployment or the exhausting work of the technology user.” ) The Atlantic. November 08, 2013.〕 ==History== The term immaterial labor was coined by Italian sociologist and philosopher Maurizio Lazzarato in his 1997 essay, “Immaterial Labor” published, as a contribution to ''Radical Thought in Italy'', edited by Hardt and Virno. It was re-published in 1997 as: ''Lavoro immateriale. Forme di vita e produzione di soggettività.'' (Ombre corte).〔Lazzarato, Maurizio, (“Immaterial Labor.” ) Generation Online.〕 Lazzarato was a participant in the Autonomia Operaia group as a student in Padua in the 1970s, and is a member of the editorial group of the journal Multitudes. Post-Marxist scholars including Franco Berardi, Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt, Judith Revel, and Paolo Virno, among others have produced scholarship unpacking immaterial labor outside the traditional understanding of labor as a commodity-producing activity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Immaterial labor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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